September 2025 – Around the world, governments are facing mounting internal pressures — from youth-driven calls for reform to climate crises displacing communities and reshaping national priorities. Three nations in particular highlight how leadership, stability, and resilience are being tested.
Nepal: Youth-Led Protests Reshape Leadership
Nepal has entered a new political chapter with the appointment of Sushila Karki as interim prime minister, following weeks of youth-led demonstrations demanding accountability and reform. Karki, a respected former chief justice, represents a break from entrenched party politics and is seen as a stabilizing figure.
- Why it matters: Nepal’s shift reflects a growing global trend of young citizens forcing political establishments to confront corruption, stalled reforms, and economic frustrations. Whether Karki’s interim leadership paves the way for long-term stability will depend on how effectively she channels public demands into institutional change.
South Sudan: Floods Deepen Humanitarian Crisis
In South Sudan, tens of thousands of people have been displaced after catastrophic floods devastated communities already struggling with conflict and poverty. Relief agencies warn of food insecurity, health risks, and an urgent need for international aid.
- Why it matters: South Sudan’s crisis underscores how climate shocks compound fragile political systems. The displacement risks fueling further instability in a country where humanitarian needs already exceed local and regional capacities.
Australia: Climate Risk Assessment Raises Alarm
Australia has released a national climate risk assessment that warns of sharp increases in heat-related deaths if global temperatures rise more than 3 °C. The findings highlight escalating dangers from extreme weather, with significant implications for health, infrastructure, and the economy.
- Why it matters: As one of the world’s largest fossil fuel exporters, Australia’s stance carries global weight. Analysts expect the government to adopt more ambitious emissions targets, as domestic pressure mounts to protect citizens from worsening climate threats.
Global Outlook
From Kathmandu to Juba to Canberra, the message is clear: domestic pressures are increasingly shaped by climate and youth movements, not just traditional politics. Nations that fail to respond risk instability, while those that adapt could redefine leadership for a new era.
